Unveiling the predominance of Saccharum spontaneum alleles for resistance to orange rust in sugarcane using genome-wide association.

KEY MESSAGE: Six QTLs of resistance to sugarcane orange rust were identified in modern interspecific hybrids by GWAS. For five of them, the resistance alleles originated from S. spontaneum. Altogether, they efficiently predict disease resistance. Sugarcane orange rust (SOR) is a threatening emerging disease in many sugarcane industries worldwide. Improving the genetic resistance of commercial cultivars remains the most promising solution to control this disease. In this study, an association panel of 568 modern interspecific sugarcane hybrids (Saccharum officinarum x S. spontaneum) from Réunion's breeding program was evaluated for its resistance to SOR under natural conditions of infection. Two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted between disease reactions and 183,842 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained by targeted genotyping-by-sequencing. Five resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), named Oru1, Oru2, Oru3, Oru4 and Oru5, were identified using a single-locus GWAS (SL-GWAS). These five QTLs all originated from the species S. spontaneum. A multi-locus GWAS (ML-GWAS) uncovered an additional but less significant resistance QTL named Oru6, which originated from S. officinarum. All six QTLs had a moderate to major phenotypic effect on disease resistance. Prediction accuracy estimated with linear regression models based on each of the five QTLs identified by SL-GWAS was between 0.16-0.41. Altogether, these five QTLs provided a relatively high prediction accuracy of 0.60. In comparison, accuracies obtained with six genome-wide prediction models (i.e., GBLUP, Bayes-A, Bayes-B, Bayes-C, Bayesian Lasso and RKHS) reached only 0.65. The good prediction accuracy of disease resistance provided by the QTLs and the predominant S. spontaneum origin of their resistance alleles pave the way for effective marker-assisted breeding strategies.

The effect of specially designed and managed occlusal devices on patient symptoms of tinnitus: A cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Bioesthetic maxillary anterior guided orthoses (BMAGOs) were designed and adjusted to establish the mandibular location referred to as stable seated condylar position SSCP. This study demonstrates treatment efficacy of this device on tinnitus. METHODS: All patients had histories of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), head, neck and shoulder pain. Each patient wore the BMAGO at all times, eating, talking and sleeping with it functioning as a surrogate occlusion. Patients were seen every two weeks for adjustments. They were provided a self-reporting numeric rating scale (NRS) beginning each visit. NRS scores ranged from 0 to 10, with 10 being the highest intensity pain for 12 TMD symptoms including tinnitus. RESULTS: A significant decrease of tinnitus symptoms (p<.001) were recorded for all effected patients by visit #12. CONCLUSIONS: These findings firmly support symptomatic reduction of tinnitus.

The effect of specially designed and managed occlusal devices on patient symptoms and pain: a cohort study.

There is limited data regarding the benefit of using an occlusal device to help patients resolve a variety of symptoms involving temporomandibular disorder, as well as head, neck, and shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a carefully adjusted occlusal device on 12 symptoms to determine if there was enough evidence to justify a randomized control trial of this methodology. Splints were designed to ensure a stable, reproducible, mandibular position in a cohort of 157 dental patients with mixed histories of the following 12 symptoms: temporomandibular joint "pop," "click," and lock; jaw, neck, shoulder, and mouth-opening pain; headache; earache; tinnitus; and clenching and grinding of teeth. The results showed significant improvement (P < 0.001) in 11 of the 12 symptoms.